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  • 无(电)源光器件 (Passive Optical Device)
  • 1. 光纤连接器 (optical fiber connector): 接头
  • 2. 光衰减器 (optical attenuator): 用来减少光功率,单位dB。该器件类似电路里的电阻。
  • 3. 光耦合器 (optical couplers): 同一波长,分光 或 合光
  • 4. 波分复用器 (optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer): 不同波长的分离与合并
  • 5. 波长转换器 (optical transponder unit): 波长转换,如 1310 -> 1550
  • 6. 光学隔离器 (optical isolator): 隔离反向反射光
  • 7. 光环形器 (optical circulator): 转发(重新发射)反向反射光; 换一条路再发
  • 8. 光开关(optical switch): 通 与 断
  • 测光衰减器
  • 理论上:
  • 实际上:
  • Question and Answers

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  1. Optical fiber Communication system
  2. What is Optical fiber Communication system

Passive Optical Devices

PreviousSomething About Optical fiberNextActive Optical Devices

Last updated 6 years ago

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让我们先来了解一下什么是db (因为后面要大量用到它,如果不知道它是什么东西,对于程序员来讲,会睡不着覺的)

中文: dB是一个比值,是一个数值,是一个纯计数方法,没有任何单位标注。

The decibel (symbol: dB) is a unit of measurement used to express the ratio of one value of a power or field quantity to another on a logarithmic scale, the logarithmic quantity being called the power level or field level, respectively.

It can be used to express a change in value (e.g., +1 dB or −1 dB) or an absolute value.

In the latter case, it expresses the ratio of a value to a fixed reference value; when used in this way, a suffix that indicates the reference value is often appended to the decibel symbol.

For example, if the reference value is 1 volt, then the suffix is "V" (e.g., "20 dBV"), and if the reference value is one milliwatt, then the suffix is "m" (e.g., "20 dBm")

看起来是一种数值的表示方法,用来表示相对值。比如2dB与1dB,表示: 2dB的实际功率 是 1dB实际功率 的2倍。

功率 = Power

无(电)源光器件 (Passive Optical Device)

1. 光纤连接器 (optical fiber connector): 接头

2. 光衰减器 (optical attenuator): 用来减少光功率,单位dB。该器件类似电路里的电阻。

  • 螺丝,顺时针“紧”,逆时针“松”

  • 所有接受器件都有接受范围

  • 近距离传输,衰减可近似于0

  • 光发射机与光接收机的功率并不一样,发射机比较大,接收机比较小,所以要用衰减器对发射信号进行处理,让它变小

  • 假设发射端功率=P1发射端功率=P_1发射端功率=P1​,接收端功率=P2∼P3接收端功率=P_2 \sim P_3接收端功率=P2​∼P3​,那么夹在中间的光衰减器的损耗=(P1−P2)∼(P1−P3)光衰减器的损耗 = (P_1 - P_2) \sim (P_1 - P_3)光衰减器的损耗=(P1​−P2​)∼(P1​−P3​)

3. 光耦合器 (optical couplers): 同一波长,分光 或 合光

  • 平均分光

4. 波分复用器 (optical fiber wavelength division multiplexer): 不同波长的分离与合并

5. 波长转换器 (optical transponder unit): 波长转换,如 1310 -> 1550

6. 光学隔离器 (optical isolator): 隔离反向反射光

7. 光环形器 (optical circulator): 转发(重新发射)反向反射光; 换一条路再发

8. 光开关(optical switch): 通 与 断

测光衰减器

理论上:

光源(optical source) --- 光衰减器 --- 光功率计(power meter)

光源器上的读数不可靠,所以

实际上:

如果把衰减器换为光纤。设两头为A、B端,你需要把 A 到 B 测一遍,B 到 A 再测一遍,取平均值。(我也不知道为什么光纤会有这个特性)

说了一大堆,还是不知道它是什么意思? Let's continue!

Question and Answers

1:2n1:2^n1:2n的分光器,光功率下降3×N dB3 \times N\ dB3×N dB

2n:12^n:12n:1的分光器,光功率增益(上升)3×N dB3 \times N\ dB3×N dB

功率 -> dB: 10⋅lg⁡(功率 mw1 mw)10 \cdot \lg(\frac{功率\ mw}{1\ mw})10⋅lg(1 mw功率 mw​)

1 mw=0 dBm1\ mw = 0\ dBm1 mw=0 dBm

光源 --- 光功率计(把它的读数看作实际光源功率)(P1P_1P1​) --- 光衰减器 --- 光功率计(P2P_2P2​)

dBm=毫瓦分贝dBm = 毫瓦分贝dBm=毫瓦分贝

衰减=P1−P2衰减 = P_1 - P_2衰减=P1​−P2​

dBmdBmdBm 与 mWmWmW 都是光功率的单位,但由于光功率的数值太大,不容易让人看出相对关系,所以人们使用dBmdBmdBm

dBm=10×lg⁡(P)dBm = 10 \times \lg(P)dBm=10×lg(P) , PPP 表示功率(power),lg⁡\lglg 指以10为底的 log⁡\loglog

如此一来,如果你知道了光纤两端(如A、B)的具体功率值,你就可以直观地用dBmdBmdBm单位看出两端之间的差异(是增加、增益还是减少、衰减)

dB=10×lg⁡(P1P2)=(10×lg⁡(P1))−(10×lg⁡(P2))=dBm−dBm\begin{align*} dB &= 10 \times \lg(\frac{P_1}{P_2}) \\ \\ &= (10 \times \lg(P_1)) - (10 \times \lg(P_2)) \\ \\ &= dBm - dBm \end{align*}dB​=10×lg(P2​P1​​)=(10×lg(P1​))−(10×lg(P2​))=dBm−dBm​

dBdBdB 这个由“减法”得到的值,足以让我们看出信号是增加还是减少了