Voltage and Current Rule in Circuit

串联时,电压按电阻值比例进行分压(分配电压)

UR2=R2R1+R2Us\begin{align*} U_{R_2} = \frac{R_2}{R_1 + R_2} \cdot U_s \end{align*}
    \draw (0, 0) to [V=$V_s$](0, 2)
    to [R=$R_1$](2, 2)
    to [R=$R_2$](4, 2)
    to (4, 0) to (0, 0);

并联时,电流按电阻值比例进行奇怪的分流(分配电流)

IR1=R2R1+R2Iall\begin{align*} I_{R_1} = \frac{R_2}{R_1 + R_2} \cdot I_{all} \end{align*}
    \draw (0, 0) to [short, i=$I_{all}$](2, 0)
    (2, 0) to (2, 1)
    to [R=$R_1$](4, 1)
    (2, 0) to (2, -1)
    to [R=$R_2$](4, -1);

Just to be clear, all those things are based on ohm's law.

在直流情况下,

电感器相当于一条导线,电压值为0,有电流值

电容器相当于开路,电流值为0,有电压值

我们这里讲的值是相对于这个元件来讲的,是指其元件两端的电压差或经过元件的电流值

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