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University Notes
  • Introduction
  • High Level Math
    • Function, limitation, and continuity
      • What is function?
      • Two kinds of infinity
      • The limitation of a function
      • A model for getting limitation
    • Derivative and differential
      • Formulas of derivative
      • Use derivative formula
      • Goes deeper
      • Use derivative
        • Function analyzing in theory
          • First derivative
          • Second derivative
          • Domain and Extreme Value
          • Overall change
        • Derivative use in reality
    • Integration
      • Indefinite integral
        • Basic formulas
        • Use formula
        • Goes deeper
        • Integration by parts
      • Definite integral
        • Properties of definite integral
        • Second fundamental theorem of calculus
        • Multi-method for solving definite integral
    • Multivariable calculus
      • Limitation
      • Partial derivatives
      • Differential
      • Multiple integral
    • Series
    • Linear algebra
    • GaoKao
      • 1
      • The road for starting
      • Polar Coordinates
      • Tangent Line
  • Electrical Engineering
    • The Terminologys
    • DC
      • The circuit rule
      • KCL and KVL
      • Superposition
    • AC
      • Intuition
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • AC circuit
      • 三相电
        • 星形联结
        • 三角形联结
        • 实际电路
    • Voltage and Current Rule in Circuit
    • Response
      • Foundations
      • 零输入响应
      • 零状态响应
      • 一阶电路的全响应
  • Analog Electronics
    • Technical terms 1
    • DC stable source circuit 的分析与应用
      • 二极管的特性与应用
        • 半导体
        • PN junction
        • Diode
        • 测试二极管
      • 整流滤波电路的分析与应用
        • Rectifier circuit
      • 直流稳压电路的分析
        • Zener diode
        • Shunt voltage regulators
    • Thyristor
    • Technical terms 2
    • Amplifying circuit
      • Bipolar Junction Transistor
      • Common Emitter Configuration
      • Biasing
      • Analysis
      • Mess
      • Negative-feedback amplifier
      • Integrated Operational Amplifier
    • Algorithms
      • What's the ouput of a voltage rectifier circuit
      • PNP or NPN
      • Judging the state of a BJT
      • What's common in BJT
      • Does a amplifying circuit normal
      • What's the feedback type
      • What kind of distortion you are encounter
  • Digital Electronic Technology
    • Logic Gate
    • Logic expressions
    • Karnaugh map
    • Number system
    • Multiplexer
    • Flip-flop
  • Principles of Communications
    • Overviews
    • PCM
    • HDB3
    • Modulations
    • Cyclic code
  • Data Communications and Networking
    • Something about IPv4
  • Micro Control System 51 Series
    • The Delay function
    • The Interrupt function
  • Maintenance of Railway Optical Cable Lines
    • Questions
    • Pictures
  • Mobile Communications
    • Concepts
    • Coding and Modulation
    • Key Technologies
    • Mobile communication network structure
    • Radio wave Propagation and Interference
    • GSM
    • CDMA
    • GPRS
    • 3G
    • 4G
    • Base Station Maintenance
  • Multimedia Communication
    • Concept of Multimedia
    • Compression
    • Lossless Compression
    • Audio
    • Lossy Audio Coding
    • Graph Compression
    • All for the exam
  • Power system for Communication Devices
    • Overview
    • AC power Distribution Panel
    • UPS
    • HF Switched-mode Power Supply
    • Battery
    • Earthing or Use Lightning Arrester
    • Power Supply Monitoring System
    • All for the exam
  • Optical fiber Communication system
    • What is Optical fiber Communication system
      • Prepare
      • Something About Optical fiber
      • Passive Optical Devices
      • Active Optical Devices
      • Optical transmitter Test
      • Optical receiver Test
      • Compose an Optical Communication System
    • SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
      • Frame Structure of SDH
      • SDH Equipments
      • Clock System
      • ZXONM E300 Practice
      • SDH protection
    • WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    • OTN (Optical Transport Network)
      • OverHead of OTN
      • OTN Alarms & Errors
      • Do it again, what's happened?
  • Communication Tech English
    • Fundamentals of Electricity
    • Digital Communications
    • Optical Communications
  • High-speed railway Communication Technology
    • Overview
    • Base Knowledge
    • FH98
    • MDS3400
    • Everything is for the exam
  • GSM for Railway
    • Overview
    • Wired Parts
    • Digital dispatch Communication System
    • Basic Knowledge of GSM-R
    • Key technologies for GSM-R
    • Structure of GSM-R
    • GSM-R Network Mode
    • Wireless Channels for GSM-R
    • Mobility Management
    • Connection Management
    • Security Management
    • GPRS
    • GSM-R/GPRS Wireless Access Platform
    • GSM-R Features
    • GSM-R Numbering Plan
    • ASCI
  • Network Configuration Training
    • Words I have learned
  • Broadband Access Technology
    • Using Copper Line
    • Using Optical Fiber
    • Wireless
    • All for the test
  • CIR
    • Basci Knowledge
    • Testing Equipment
    • The Structure of CIR
    • All for the exam
  • LTE
  • Script for ChaoXing
  • Transmission and access network
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  • 位置更新(Location update)
  • 切换(Handover)
  • 情况1, 为了负载平衡而切换
  • 情况2, 从一个位置区切换到另一个位置区

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  1. GSM for Railway

Mobility Management

Mobility management is one of the major functions of a GSM or a UMTS network that allows mobile phones to work. The aim of mobility management is to track where the subscribers are, allowing calls, SMS and other mobile phone services to be delivered to them.

位置更新(Location update)

LAI: Location area identity

HLR: Home location register

TMSI: Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity

MS从一个位置区(LAI)移动到另一个位置区,需要登记。(一旦MS发现存储器中的LAI与从BCCCH接收到的LAI不同时,就需要登记)

  • 不同 MSC/VLR (跨越不同铁路局): 更新HLR中的内容,分配TMSI,更新VLR里的LAI

  • 同一 MSC/VLR (同一铁路局): 不更新HLR中的内容,不分配TMSI,更新VLR里的LAI

切换(Handover)

将正在通话状态下的MS切换到新信道(TCH)的过程。(是否切换这个决定,由MSC or BSC决定)

情况1, 为了负载平衡而切换

情况2, 从一个位置区切换到另一个位置区

BTS ∈ BSC ∈ MSC

1. 同一BSC,不同小区 (BSC负责切换)

MS向BSC报告原BTS与周围BTS的信号强度,原BSC 分配TCH并发出“切换命令”

2. 同一MSC/VLR,不同BSC (MSC负责切换)

  • MS向原BSC发送“测量报告”

  • 原BSC向原MSC发送“切换请求”

  • 原MSC向新BSC发送“切换指令(准备TCH)”

  • 新BSC向原MSC发送“切换指令已收到”

  • 原MSC向原BSC、MS发送“切换命令”

  • 切换完成后,原MSC向原BSC发送“清除原信道请求”,释放原来被占用的信道

3. 不同MSC/VLR

  • MS向原BSC发送“测量报告”

  • 原BSC向原MSC发送“切换请求”

  • 原MSC向新MSC发送“切换请求”

  • 新MSC通知新VLR分配TMSI

  • 新MSC通知新BSC分配TCH

  • 新MSC通知原MSC“切换TMSI”

  • 原MSC在两个MSC之间建立地面有线链路

  • 两个MSC同时向各自的BSC发送切换命令

  • MS换频率、时隙,切换成功

  • MS通知上层系统,上层释放原来被占用的信道

  • 若是通话刚结束,还要做位置登记

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Last updated 5 years ago

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