💯
University Notes
  • Introduction
  • High Level Math
    • Function, limitation, and continuity
      • What is function?
      • Two kinds of infinity
      • The limitation of a function
      • A model for getting limitation
    • Derivative and differential
      • Formulas of derivative
      • Use derivative formula
      • Goes deeper
      • Use derivative
        • Function analyzing in theory
          • First derivative
          • Second derivative
          • Domain and Extreme Value
          • Overall change
        • Derivative use in reality
    • Integration
      • Indefinite integral
        • Basic formulas
        • Use formula
        • Goes deeper
        • Integration by parts
      • Definite integral
        • Properties of definite integral
        • Second fundamental theorem of calculus
        • Multi-method for solving definite integral
    • Multivariable calculus
      • Limitation
      • Partial derivatives
      • Differential
      • Multiple integral
    • Series
    • Linear algebra
    • GaoKao
      • 1
      • The road for starting
      • Polar Coordinates
      • Tangent Line
  • Electrical Engineering
    • The Terminologys
    • DC
      • The circuit rule
      • KCL and KVL
      • Superposition
    • AC
      • Intuition
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • AC circuit
      • 三相电
        • 星形联结
        • 三角形联结
        • 实际电路
    • Voltage and Current Rule in Circuit
    • Response
      • Foundations
      • 零输入响应
      • 零状态响应
      • 一阶电路的全响应
  • Analog Electronics
    • Technical terms 1
    • DC stable source circuit 的分析与应用
      • 二极管的特性与应用
        • 半导体
        • PN junction
        • Diode
        • 测试二极管
      • 整流滤波电路的分析与应用
        • Rectifier circuit
      • 直流稳压电路的分析
        • Zener diode
        • Shunt voltage regulators
    • Thyristor
    • Technical terms 2
    • Amplifying circuit
      • Bipolar Junction Transistor
      • Common Emitter Configuration
      • Biasing
      • Analysis
      • Mess
      • Negative-feedback amplifier
      • Integrated Operational Amplifier
    • Algorithms
      • What's the ouput of a voltage rectifier circuit
      • PNP or NPN
      • Judging the state of a BJT
      • What's common in BJT
      • Does a amplifying circuit normal
      • What's the feedback type
      • What kind of distortion you are encounter
  • Digital Electronic Technology
    • Logic Gate
    • Logic expressions
    • Karnaugh map
    • Number system
    • Multiplexer
    • Flip-flop
  • Principles of Communications
    • Overviews
    • PCM
    • HDB3
    • Modulations
    • Cyclic code
  • Data Communications and Networking
    • Something about IPv4
  • Micro Control System 51 Series
    • The Delay function
    • The Interrupt function
  • Maintenance of Railway Optical Cable Lines
    • Questions
    • Pictures
  • Mobile Communications
    • Concepts
    • Coding and Modulation
    • Key Technologies
    • Mobile communication network structure
    • Radio wave Propagation and Interference
    • GSM
    • CDMA
    • GPRS
    • 3G
    • 4G
    • Base Station Maintenance
  • Multimedia Communication
    • Concept of Multimedia
    • Compression
    • Lossless Compression
    • Audio
    • Lossy Audio Coding
    • Graph Compression
    • All for the exam
  • Power system for Communication Devices
    • Overview
    • AC power Distribution Panel
    • UPS
    • HF Switched-mode Power Supply
    • Battery
    • Earthing or Use Lightning Arrester
    • Power Supply Monitoring System
    • All for the exam
  • Optical fiber Communication system
    • What is Optical fiber Communication system
      • Prepare
      • Something About Optical fiber
      • Passive Optical Devices
      • Active Optical Devices
      • Optical transmitter Test
      • Optical receiver Test
      • Compose an Optical Communication System
    • SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
      • Frame Structure of SDH
      • SDH Equipments
      • Clock System
      • ZXONM E300 Practice
      • SDH protection
    • WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    • OTN (Optical Transport Network)
      • OverHead of OTN
      • OTN Alarms & Errors
      • Do it again, what's happened?
  • Communication Tech English
    • Fundamentals of Electricity
    • Digital Communications
    • Optical Communications
  • High-speed railway Communication Technology
    • Overview
    • Base Knowledge
    • FH98
    • MDS3400
    • Everything is for the exam
  • GSM for Railway
    • Overview
    • Wired Parts
    • Digital dispatch Communication System
    • Basic Knowledge of GSM-R
    • Key technologies for GSM-R
    • Structure of GSM-R
    • GSM-R Network Mode
    • Wireless Channels for GSM-R
    • Mobility Management
    • Connection Management
    • Security Management
    • GPRS
    • GSM-R/GPRS Wireless Access Platform
    • GSM-R Features
    • GSM-R Numbering Plan
    • ASCI
  • Network Configuration Training
    • Words I have learned
  • Broadband Access Technology
    • Using Copper Line
    • Using Optical Fiber
    • Wireless
    • All for the test
  • CIR
    • Basci Knowledge
    • Testing Equipment
    • The Structure of CIR
    • All for the exam
  • LTE
  • Script for ChaoXing
  • Transmission and access network
Powered by GitBook
On this page

Was this helpful?

  1. Electrical Engineering

AC

DC: Direct Current(直流电)

AC: Alternating Current(交流电)

我们当然知道直流和交流的区别:直流电方向不变,不产生“交流”;交流电方向改变,有时会发生碰撞,产生(物体与物体之间的)“交流”。

由于这种不同,交流电路上的东西只能用带方向的量来表示。由前面的直流电基础我们知道,正、负电流的实际区别不过是方向相反罢了(都在一根导线中,还能怎么跑?)

这种特性使得交流电在坐标系中的运动方式很像一种波。在数学上几乎所有波都可以被我们抽象为 sine wave.

于是我们可以得到 i=Imsin⁡(wt+ψ)i = I_m \sin(wt + \psi)i=Im​sin(wt+ψ) ,其中的大写 III 代表直流电(一般 a const 我们用大写字母来表示), iii 表示交流电, Im=ImaxI_m = I_{max}Im​=Imax​

III , iii , ImI_mIm​ 的关系: ImI_mIm​ 是交流电 iii 中的最大值(sin⁡波的上下顶点\sin 波的上下顶点sin波的上下顶点); III 是交流电 iii 的平均值(也叫有效值), I=Imax2I = \frac{I_{max}}{\sqrt{2}}I=2​Imax​​; iii 表示整个交流电波上的所有 yyy 值。

国家标准如 220V220V220V 电压,指的是有效值(平均值),其实际电路中的电压在 220 上下浮动。

因为 sin⁡x\sin xsinx 的值是在 [−1,1][-1, 1][−1,1] 间浮动(波动),而 ImI_mIm​ 为常量,所以 iii 也在浮动。其浮动范围由 ImaxI_{max}Imax​ 确定

这里的 t=timet = timet=time , 是自变量, 故这个式子的大意是:电流随时间的变化而变化

由简单的数学原理可知,当 ∣w∣|w|∣w∣ 越大, sin⁡(wx)\sin(wx)sin(wx) 的变化速度越快,所以他们把它叫做频率(f)(frequency)

如果假设 t=0t = 0t=0, 那么在时间开始处的电流就取决于 ψ\psiψ, 所以他们把它叫做初相(初始图像)

经过一段时间实践,人们发现类似于 i=Imaxsin⁡(wt+ψ)i = I_{max} \sin(wt + \psi)i=Imax​sin(wt+ψ) 这种完全表达式并不好计算与应用,再加上国家工业标准频率又比较稳定,如在中国为 50Hz50Hz50Hz, w=2πf=314rad/sw = 2 \pi f = 314 rad/sw=2πf=314rad/s

于是去掉了频率 www , 用 I˙=I∠ψ\dot I = I \angle{\psi}I˙=I∠ψ 来表示。据说 III 是复数的模, ∠ψ\angle{\psi}∠ψ 是复数的角。

所以完全表达式与复数表达式的转换方法是:

i=2Isin⁡(wt+ψ)⇔I˙=I∠ψi = \sqrt{2} I \sin(wt + \psi) \Leftrightarrow \dot I = I \angle{\psi}i=2​Isin(wt+ψ)⇔I˙=I∠ψ

你可能注意到了,新表示方法在有效值 III 上加了一个点变为 I˙\dot II˙ ,这是为什么呢?极有可能是由复数的表达习惯确定的。故这是个复数表达式。

复数还有一个表达式, 一个复数=a+bi一个复数 = a + bi一个复数=a+bi , 其中 iii 是虚数,但在电工世界, iii 已经被用来表示了电流,故我们用 jjj 来表示虚数 iii, 于是原式变为 一个复数=a+jb一个复数 = a + jb一个复数=a+jb

这两种复数表达形式的转换方法如下:

A=a+jb,A=r∠ψa=r⋅cos⁡ψ∣r=a2+b2b=r⋅sin⁡ψ∣ψ=arctan⁡ba\begin{align*} &A = a + jb &,& &A = r \angle{\psi} \\ \\ &a = r \cdot \cos{\psi} &|& &r = \sqrt{a^2 + b^2} \\ \\ &b = r \cdot \sin{\psi} &|& &\psi = \arctan{\frac{b}{a}} \\ \\ \end{align*}​A=a+jba=r⋅cosψb=r⋅sinψ​,∣∣​​A=r∠ψr=a2+b2​ψ=arctanab​​

When you want to draw a 复数在平面坐标系, just imagine a as x, b as y, 就能对应到以前学过的x、y坐标系知识了。

电压的表示是一个道理。

PreviousSuperpositionNextIntuition

Last updated 5 years ago

Was this helpful?