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University Notes
  • Introduction
  • High Level Math
    • Function, limitation, and continuity
      • What is function?
      • Two kinds of infinity
      • The limitation of a function
      • A model for getting limitation
    • Derivative and differential
      • Formulas of derivative
      • Use derivative formula
      • Goes deeper
      • Use derivative
        • Function analyzing in theory
          • First derivative
          • Second derivative
          • Domain and Extreme Value
          • Overall change
        • Derivative use in reality
    • Integration
      • Indefinite integral
        • Basic formulas
        • Use formula
        • Goes deeper
        • Integration by parts
      • Definite integral
        • Properties of definite integral
        • Second fundamental theorem of calculus
        • Multi-method for solving definite integral
    • Multivariable calculus
      • Limitation
      • Partial derivatives
      • Differential
      • Multiple integral
    • Series
    • Linear algebra
    • GaoKao
      • 1
      • The road for starting
      • Polar Coordinates
      • Tangent Line
  • Electrical Engineering
    • The Terminologys
    • DC
      • The circuit rule
      • KCL and KVL
      • Superposition
    • AC
      • Intuition
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • AC circuit
      • 三相电
        • 星形联结
        • 三角形联结
        • 实际电路
    • Voltage and Current Rule in Circuit
    • Response
      • Foundations
      • 零输入响应
      • 零状态响应
      • 一阶电路的全响应
  • Analog Electronics
    • Technical terms 1
    • DC stable source circuit 的分析与应用
      • 二极管的特性与应用
        • 半导体
        • PN junction
        • Diode
        • 测试二极管
      • 整流滤波电路的分析与应用
        • Rectifier circuit
      • 直流稳压电路的分析
        • Zener diode
        • Shunt voltage regulators
    • Thyristor
    • Technical terms 2
    • Amplifying circuit
      • Bipolar Junction Transistor
      • Common Emitter Configuration
      • Biasing
      • Analysis
      • Mess
      • Negative-feedback amplifier
      • Integrated Operational Amplifier
    • Algorithms
      • What's the ouput of a voltage rectifier circuit
      • PNP or NPN
      • Judging the state of a BJT
      • What's common in BJT
      • Does a amplifying circuit normal
      • What's the feedback type
      • What kind of distortion you are encounter
  • Digital Electronic Technology
    • Logic Gate
    • Logic expressions
    • Karnaugh map
    • Number system
    • Multiplexer
    • Flip-flop
  • Principles of Communications
    • Overviews
    • PCM
    • HDB3
    • Modulations
    • Cyclic code
  • Data Communications and Networking
    • Something about IPv4
  • Micro Control System 51 Series
    • The Delay function
    • The Interrupt function
  • Maintenance of Railway Optical Cable Lines
    • Questions
    • Pictures
  • Mobile Communications
    • Concepts
    • Coding and Modulation
    • Key Technologies
    • Mobile communication network structure
    • Radio wave Propagation and Interference
    • GSM
    • CDMA
    • GPRS
    • 3G
    • 4G
    • Base Station Maintenance
  • Multimedia Communication
    • Concept of Multimedia
    • Compression
    • Lossless Compression
    • Audio
    • Lossy Audio Coding
    • Graph Compression
    • All for the exam
  • Power system for Communication Devices
    • Overview
    • AC power Distribution Panel
    • UPS
    • HF Switched-mode Power Supply
    • Battery
    • Earthing or Use Lightning Arrester
    • Power Supply Monitoring System
    • All for the exam
  • Optical fiber Communication system
    • What is Optical fiber Communication system
      • Prepare
      • Something About Optical fiber
      • Passive Optical Devices
      • Active Optical Devices
      • Optical transmitter Test
      • Optical receiver Test
      • Compose an Optical Communication System
    • SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
      • Frame Structure of SDH
      • SDH Equipments
      • Clock System
      • ZXONM E300 Practice
      • SDH protection
    • WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    • OTN (Optical Transport Network)
      • OverHead of OTN
      • OTN Alarms & Errors
      • Do it again, what's happened?
  • Communication Tech English
    • Fundamentals of Electricity
    • Digital Communications
    • Optical Communications
  • High-speed railway Communication Technology
    • Overview
    • Base Knowledge
    • FH98
    • MDS3400
    • Everything is for the exam
  • GSM for Railway
    • Overview
    • Wired Parts
    • Digital dispatch Communication System
    • Basic Knowledge of GSM-R
    • Key technologies for GSM-R
    • Structure of GSM-R
    • GSM-R Network Mode
    • Wireless Channels for GSM-R
    • Mobility Management
    • Connection Management
    • Security Management
    • GPRS
    • GSM-R/GPRS Wireless Access Platform
    • GSM-R Features
    • GSM-R Numbering Plan
    • ASCI
  • Network Configuration Training
    • Words I have learned
  • Broadband Access Technology
    • Using Copper Line
    • Using Optical Fiber
    • Wireless
    • All for the test
  • CIR
    • Basci Knowledge
    • Testing Equipment
    • The Structure of CIR
    • All for the exam
  • LTE
  • Script for ChaoXing
  • Transmission and access network
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On this page
  • 一、容量计算
  • 1. 文本容量
  • 2. 数字音频
  • 3. 图像容量
  • 二、冗余
  • 三、压缩种类
  • 四、压缩的理论基础
  • 1. 信息度量
  • 2. 信息熵
  • 五、压缩的性能比较

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  1. Multimedia Communication

Compression

PreviousConcept of MultimediaNextLossless Compression

Last updated 5 years ago

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一、容量计算

1. 文本容量

设分辨率为1280×7681280 \times 7681280×768,字符大小为8×88 \times 88×8点阵,每个字符用2字节表示

全屏字符=(12808×7688)×2≈10 (MB)全屏字符 = (\frac{1280}{8} \times \frac{768}{8}) \times 2 \approx 10\ (MB)全屏字符=(81280​×8768​)×2≈10 (MB)

2. 数字音频

采样率为 44.1 kHz,采样精度为16位的双声道音频

1分钟数据量=(44.1×1000)×16×2×60≈10 (MB)1分钟数据量 = (44.1 \times 1000) \times 16 \times 2 \times 60 \approx 10\ (MB)1分钟数据量=(44.1×1000)×16×2×60≈10 (MB)

3. 图像容量

1024×7681024 \times 7681024×768的彩图,每像素用24bit表示

数据量=1024×768×24=2.25 (MB)数据量 = 1024 \times 768 \times 24 = 2.25\ (MB)数据量=1024×768×24=2.25 (MB)

二、冗余

D = I + R

信息量 = 数据量 - 冗余量

  1. 空间: 图像中颜色相近的像素,可以被划归为一个颜色(用大色块代替一堆小色块)

  2. 时间: 如前后帧背景(音)相同

  3. 结构: 物体表面纹理(3D游戏地面建模就是用的纹理重复技术)

  4. 知识: 人脑预先知道的东西不必重复传输(如头下面是身子,如果身子不动,那么就拍脸好了)

  5. 视听: 人的听觉、视觉传感器有接收范围,超过就听不到也看不到了

  6. 信息熵冗余(编码冗余): 过于高深,暂时不解释

熵(entropy): 注意这个字念shang

三、压缩种类

无损: 去掉或减少冗余,压缩比2:1到5:1

有损: 失真压缩,压缩比50:1到200:1

四、压缩的理论基础

1. 信息度量

2. 信息熵

百分制 0~100 是对比度量的好方法

五、压缩的性能比较

  • 压缩比: 压缩前比压缩后,越大越好

  • 重现质量: 主要指图像、声音

  • 压缩、解压的速度

某事件x,出现的概率为P(xi)P(x_i)P(xi​),0≤P(xi)≤10 \leq P(x_i) \leq 10≤P(xi​)≤1

该事件信息量 I(xi)=−log⁡2P(xi)I(x_i) = -\log_2{P(x_i)}I(xi​)=−log2​P(xi​)

H(x)=−∑i=1NP(xi)⋅log⁡2P(xi)H(x) = - \sum_{i=1}^{N} P(x_i) \cdot \log_2 {P(x_i)}H(x)=−∑i=1N​P(xi​)⋅log2​P(xi​)

平均码长: Lˉ=∑iP(xi)⋅n(xi)\bar{L} = \sum_i P(x_i) \cdot n(x_i)Lˉ=∑i​P(xi​)⋅n(xi​)

无失真条件: 平均码长=Lˉ≥H(x)log⁡2n平均码长 = \bar{L} \geq \frac{H(x)}{\log_2{n}}平均码长=Lˉ≥log2​nH(x)​

编码效率: η=H(x)Lˉ\eta = \frac{H(x)}{\bar{L}}η=LˉH(x)​,百分制