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University Notes
  • Introduction
  • High Level Math
    • Function, limitation, and continuity
      • What is function?
      • Two kinds of infinity
      • The limitation of a function
      • A model for getting limitation
    • Derivative and differential
      • Formulas of derivative
      • Use derivative formula
      • Goes deeper
      • Use derivative
        • Function analyzing in theory
          • First derivative
          • Second derivative
          • Domain and Extreme Value
          • Overall change
        • Derivative use in reality
    • Integration
      • Indefinite integral
        • Basic formulas
        • Use formula
        • Goes deeper
        • Integration by parts
      • Definite integral
        • Properties of definite integral
        • Second fundamental theorem of calculus
        • Multi-method for solving definite integral
    • Multivariable calculus
      • Limitation
      • Partial derivatives
      • Differential
      • Multiple integral
    • Series
    • Linear algebra
    • GaoKao
      • 1
      • The road for starting
      • Polar Coordinates
      • Tangent Line
  • Electrical Engineering
    • The Terminologys
    • DC
      • The circuit rule
      • KCL and KVL
      • Superposition
    • AC
      • Intuition
      • Resistor
      • Inductor
      • Capacitor
      • AC circuit
      • 三相电
        • 星形联结
        • 三角形联结
        • 实际电路
    • Voltage and Current Rule in Circuit
    • Response
      • Foundations
      • 零输入响应
      • 零状态响应
      • 一阶电路的全响应
  • Analog Electronics
    • Technical terms 1
    • DC stable source circuit 的分析与应用
      • 二极管的特性与应用
        • 半导体
        • PN junction
        • Diode
        • 测试二极管
      • 整流滤波电路的分析与应用
        • Rectifier circuit
      • 直流稳压电路的分析
        • Zener diode
        • Shunt voltage regulators
    • Thyristor
    • Technical terms 2
    • Amplifying circuit
      • Bipolar Junction Transistor
      • Common Emitter Configuration
      • Biasing
      • Analysis
      • Mess
      • Negative-feedback amplifier
      • Integrated Operational Amplifier
    • Algorithms
      • What's the ouput of a voltage rectifier circuit
      • PNP or NPN
      • Judging the state of a BJT
      • What's common in BJT
      • Does a amplifying circuit normal
      • What's the feedback type
      • What kind of distortion you are encounter
  • Digital Electronic Technology
    • Logic Gate
    • Logic expressions
    • Karnaugh map
    • Number system
    • Multiplexer
    • Flip-flop
  • Principles of Communications
    • Overviews
    • PCM
    • HDB3
    • Modulations
    • Cyclic code
  • Data Communications and Networking
    • Something about IPv4
  • Micro Control System 51 Series
    • The Delay function
    • The Interrupt function
  • Maintenance of Railway Optical Cable Lines
    • Questions
    • Pictures
  • Mobile Communications
    • Concepts
    • Coding and Modulation
    • Key Technologies
    • Mobile communication network structure
    • Radio wave Propagation and Interference
    • GSM
    • CDMA
    • GPRS
    • 3G
    • 4G
    • Base Station Maintenance
  • Multimedia Communication
    • Concept of Multimedia
    • Compression
    • Lossless Compression
    • Audio
    • Lossy Audio Coding
    • Graph Compression
    • All for the exam
  • Power system for Communication Devices
    • Overview
    • AC power Distribution Panel
    • UPS
    • HF Switched-mode Power Supply
    • Battery
    • Earthing or Use Lightning Arrester
    • Power Supply Monitoring System
    • All for the exam
  • Optical fiber Communication system
    • What is Optical fiber Communication system
      • Prepare
      • Something About Optical fiber
      • Passive Optical Devices
      • Active Optical Devices
      • Optical transmitter Test
      • Optical receiver Test
      • Compose an Optical Communication System
    • SDH (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy)
      • Frame Structure of SDH
      • SDH Equipments
      • Clock System
      • ZXONM E300 Practice
      • SDH protection
    • WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing)
    • OTN (Optical Transport Network)
      • OverHead of OTN
      • OTN Alarms & Errors
      • Do it again, what's happened?
  • Communication Tech English
    • Fundamentals of Electricity
    • Digital Communications
    • Optical Communications
  • High-speed railway Communication Technology
    • Overview
    • Base Knowledge
    • FH98
    • MDS3400
    • Everything is for the exam
  • GSM for Railway
    • Overview
    • Wired Parts
    • Digital dispatch Communication System
    • Basic Knowledge of GSM-R
    • Key technologies for GSM-R
    • Structure of GSM-R
    • GSM-R Network Mode
    • Wireless Channels for GSM-R
    • Mobility Management
    • Connection Management
    • Security Management
    • GPRS
    • GSM-R/GPRS Wireless Access Platform
    • GSM-R Features
    • GSM-R Numbering Plan
    • ASCI
  • Network Configuration Training
    • Words I have learned
  • Broadband Access Technology
    • Using Copper Line
    • Using Optical Fiber
    • Wireless
    • All for the test
  • CIR
    • Basci Knowledge
    • Testing Equipment
    • The Structure of CIR
    • All for the exam
  • LTE
  • Script for ChaoXing
  • Transmission and access network
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  • 电话线接入
  • ADSL的特点
  • 影响ADSL速率的因素
  • 同轴线(电视网)接入
  • 频段
  • 结构
  • 其他
  • 网线(以太网)接入
  • 以太网特点
  • 以太网设备
  • 电力线接入
  • 特点
  • 缺点

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  1. Broadband Access Technology

Using Copper Line

电话线接入

DSL: Digital Subscriber Loop

上下行速率不对称: ADSL(Asymmetric DSL)、RADSL、VDSL(Very high speed DSL) 上下行速率对称: HDSL(DSL)、SDSL(Sigle line DSL)

T1: 1.544 Mbit/s

2B+D: B is data(64kbit/s), D is sigling(16kbit/s)

窄带<3k传输语音,大于3k传数字信号

VDSL速度快,但传输距离短,需和光纤FTTx结合使用

ADSL的特点

  1. 使用高于3kHz的频带传输数字信号

  2. 使用高性能的离散多音频调制(DMT)编码技术; 正交+QAM

  3. 使用频分复用(FDM)和回波抵消(EC)技术

  4. 使用信号分离作用

回波抵消用于上、下行传输频段有重叠的通信系统 语音/数据分离器的作用: 过滤由电话机或其他通信设备产生的杂波,避免对数据通信产生干扰。 高阻分离器可以有多个(接 电话),低阻分离器只能有一个(接 无线路由器)

影响ADSL速率的因素

  1. 线路的长度 (太长)

  2. 线的规格 (太粗,阻抗大)

  3. 线的干扰

同轴线(电视网)接入

HFC:Hybrid Fiber Coaxial

频段

上行频段: 5~65MHz 下行频段: 87~1GHz

采用频分复用, 属于全业务宽带网络。

结构

前端(信号的接收与处理)、用户端、HFC传输端

可构成 数字电视系统、语音系统和宽带数据系统

其数字电视业务需要机顶盒 其话音业务采用IP技术

其他

CM: Cable Modem; 同轴电缆上的调制解调器 CMTS: Cable Modem Termination System

中国的HFC电视频道带宽是8MHz

网线(以太网)接入

以太网特点

  1. 设备共用一个通信线路

  2. 广播工作方式

  3. CSMA/CD: Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection; 补偿算法可以减少碰撞

  4. 每个设备都有唯一MAC地址

10Base-T: 10Mbit/s : 双绞线 FE: 100Mbps : 同轴细榄 GE: 1000Mbps: 同轴粗榄 10 GE: 10000Mbps : 光纤

以太网设备

  • 网卡: 主要技术参数为带宽、总线方式、电气接口方式

  • 集线器: 用于信息分发,是共享式设备

  • 交换机: 工作在链路层,有数据过滤、网络分段、广播控制等功能

  • 路由器: 主要作用是为收到的报文寻找最佳路径,并转发出去

  • 网桥: 用于扩展网络的距离

电力线接入

PLC: Power Line Communication 速率: 4~200M

特点

电力线的入户率高,覆盖范围大

缺点

当电力线上的负荷很重时,线路阻抗急剧下降,PLC的通信信号的功率会下降,网络质量也会下降

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Last updated 5 years ago

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