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  1. Analog Electronics
  2. DC stable source circuit 的分析与应用
  3. 二极管的特性与应用

PN junction

Previous半导体NextDiode

Last updated 5 years ago

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  • 基本原理: 物质总是从“高”到“低”流动

  • PN结的组成:一半P型半导体和一半N型半导体拼成的整体

  • PN结产生了什么?

    1. P型半导体空穴多,N型半导体电子多,物质由“高”向“低”流动

    2. P 的空穴跑到了 N,正电粒子跑到了 N, P 变为负极

    3. N 的电子跑到了 P,负电粒子跑到了 P, N 变为正极

    4. 中间那条线为正负交界,达到稳定状态,形成PN结,该“结”产生的电场所占有的能量被叫做电动势能,也被叫做壁垒高度

    5. 硅的壁垒高度为0.5V左右,锗的势垒高度为0.1V左右;其高度随温度的升高而下降

  • PN结的特性

    UP>UN (电压P > 电压N)⇓PN结正向偏置(正偏)⇓当 (UP−UN>0.5(硅)) or (UP−UN>0.1(锗))PN结被导通当 (UP−UN) 达不到 0.5 或 0.1正常情况,未被导通\begin{align*} U_P &> U_N \text{ (电压P > 电压N)} \\ \\ &\Downarrow \\ \\ &\text{PN结正向偏置(正偏)} \\ \\ &\Downarrow \\ \\ &\text{当 } (U_P - U_N > 0.5\text{(硅)}) \text{ } or \text{ } (U_P - U_N > 0.1\text{(锗)}) \\ \\ &PN结被导通 \\ \\ &\text{当 } (U_P - U_N) \text{ 达不到 0.5 或 0.1} \\ \\ &正常情况, 未被导通 \\ \\ \\ \end{align*}UP​​>UN​ (电压P > 电压N)⇓PN结正向偏置(正偏)⇓当 (UP​−UN​>0.5(硅)) or (UP​−UN​>0.1(锗))PN结被导通当 (UP​−UN​) 达不到 0.5 或 0.1正常情况,未被导通​
UP<UN, 反向偏置此时PN结处于截止状态,电流很小, 可以当成开路\begin{align*} &U_P < U_N \text{, 反向偏置} \\ \\ &\text{此时PN结处于截止状态,电流很小, 可以当成开路} \end{align*}​UP​<UN​, 反向偏置此时PN结处于截止状态,电流很小, 可以当成开路​