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  1. Electrical Engineering
  2. AC
  3. 三相电

星形联结

Previous三相电Next三角形联结

Last updated 6 years ago

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把三相电源的三个负极 XXX、YYY、ZZZ 接在一起,再从三个正极 AAA、BBB、CCC 引出导线来,这种联结方式叫做星型联结。(至于为什么取这个名字,大概是因为它长得像星星吧)

As we can see, if we assume that 三个负极所在的联结点为 NNN,本质上 U˙AN=U˙A\dot U_{AN} = \dot U_{A}U˙AN​=U˙A​、U˙BN=U˙B\dot U_{BN} = \dot U_{B}U˙BN​=U˙B​、U˙CN=U˙C\dot U_{CN} = \dot U_{C}U˙CN​=U˙C​,我们仍称 U˙AN\dot U_{AN}U˙AN​、U˙BN\dot U_{BN}U˙BN​、U˙CN\dot U_{CN}U˙CN​ 为相电压

但有时,相电压提供的电压无法满足 our needs. We need a larger voltage source.

So we connect AB, BC, and CA, representing it as U˙AB\dot U_{AB}U˙AB​、U˙BC\dot U_{BC}U˙BC​, and U˙CA\dot U_{CA}U˙CA​。我们称它们为线电压。

According to Kirchhoff's Voltage Law, 电压从一点到另一点降了多少被称为这两点间的电压,所以有:

U˙AB=U˙AN−U˙BN=U˙A−U˙BU˙BC=U˙BN−U˙CN=U˙B−U˙CU˙CA=U˙CN−U˙AN=U˙C−U˙A\begin{align*} \dot U_{AB} &= \dot U_{AN} - \dot U_{BN} = \dot U_A - \dot U_B \\ \\ \dot U_{BC} &= \dot U_{BN} - \dot U_{CN} = \dot U_B - \dot U_C \\ \\ \dot U_{CA} &= \dot U_{CN} - \dot U_{AN} = \dot U_C - \dot U_A \end{align*}U˙AB​U˙BC​U˙CA​​=U˙AN​−U˙BN​=U˙A​−U˙B​=U˙BN​−U˙CN​=U˙B​−U˙C​=U˙CN​−U˙AN​=U˙C​−U˙A​​

经过一系列的数学运算,我们发现线电压的模长(即有效值 UUU)永远是相电压的 3\sqrt{3}3​ 倍。3≈1.7\sqrt{3} \approx 1.73​≈1.7,电压增大,满足了我们的需要。

另外,线电压在相位上永远比相电压超前 30∘30^\circ30∘

U˙AB=3U∠(0∘+30∘)U˙BC=3U∠(−120∘+30∘)U˙CA=3U∠(120∘+30∘)\begin{align*} \dot U_{AB} &= \sqrt{3} U \angle{(0^\circ + 30^\circ)} \\ \\ \dot U_{BC} &= \sqrt{3} U \angle{(-120^\circ+ 30^\circ)} \\ \\ \dot U_{CA} &= \sqrt{3} U \angle{(120^\circ+ 30^\circ)} \end{align*}U˙AB​U˙BC​U˙CA​​=3​U∠(0∘+30∘)=3​U∠(−120∘+30∘)=3​U∠(120∘+30∘)​